Self-organisation, self-regulation, self-repair, and self-maintenance are promising conceptual approaches to deal with the ever increasing complexity of distrib

Technological systems become organized by commands from outside, as when human intentions lead to the building of structures or machines. But many nat ural syst

Self-organisation, self-regulation, self-repair and self-maintenance are promising conceptual approaches for dealing with complex distributed interactive softwa

The paradigm of self-organisation is fundamental to theories of collective action in economic science and democratic governance in political science. Self-organ

Complex systems are usually difficult to design and control. There are several particular methods for coping with complexity, but there is no general approach t